Posibles aplicaciones de los transposones de peces a la Acuicultura
Resumen
Una gran parte del ADN de los genomas de todos los vertebrados son secuencias de ADN móviles o transposones (Tns). Aunque los Tns detectados hasta el momento en la mayoría de vertebrados están inactivos, en algunos peces se han descubierto Tns activos. Además, un Tn inactivo de salmónido se ha podido reactivar mediante manipulación genética y se está usando en células de mamífero para numerosas aplicaciones, es el denominado "Sleeping Beauty" o bella durmiente (SB). El estudio de los Tns de peces y sus aplicaciones en peces, permitirá, por ejemplo, su inserción controlada en genomas de especies comercialmente importantes tanto en sus células germinales para obtener peces transgénicos o identificar genes importantes para selección genética convencional (crecimiento, resistencia a enfermedades, etc.) como en sus células somáticas para mejorar la vacunación por ADN (duración de la inmunidad, mejores promotores, etc.). Por tanto, las expectativas para posibles aplicaciones de los Tns de peces para la acuicultura son altas. En este trabajo se revisa el estado actual del conocimiento de los Tns inactivos y activos de peces y se discute brevemente sus posibles aplicaciones futuras a la acuicultura.
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