Ultimos avances en el manejo de reproductores de tilapia

Arul Victor Suresh

Resumen


Maximizing seed productivity in hatcheries is the ultimate aim of broodstock management. Traditional tilapia seed production systems suffer from productivity problems that are associated with tilapia's unique reproductive traits such as early maturity, high frequency spawning, low fecundity and high investment in parental care. Research conducted in the past 10 years has demonstrated that many of these productivity problems can be resolved through proper broodstock
management. Studies have shown that younger broodstock (1-2 years) and female:male ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 are more productive than older ones and higher ratios, respectively. It has become clear that while nutrition plays an important role in tilapia broodstock performance, 28-32% crude protein feeds formulated for tilapia grow-out can be reliably used for feeding tilapia broodstock. It is also firmly established that clutch-removal (removal of eggs and sac-fry from mouthbrooding females) results in a tremendous improvement in seed productivity. Other broodstock management strategies such as rotation of broodstock and resting and reconditioning of broodstock have also been examined and proven to be effective in improving tilapia seed productivity. In conclusion, a number of technological advances in tilapia broodstock have been made in the past 10 years. Whether those advances can be applied in practical aquaculture would depend on the economic viability of the technological solutions derived from the advances. Studies comparing the cost/benefit ratios of the various solutions are lacking
in the public domain at present and are required.

 

El objetivo final del manejo de reproductores es la maximización de la productividad de semilla (huevos embrionados) en hatcheries (incubadoras). Los sistemas tradicionales de producción de semilla de tilapia presentan problemas de productividad que están asociados con particularidades reproductivas de la tilapia, como su temprana madurez, su alta frecuencia de desove, su baja fecundidad y su elevada dedicación a los cuidados parentales. La investigación realizada en los últimos 10 años ha demostrado que muchos de esos problemas productivos pueden resolverse mediante un adecuado manejo de los reproductores. Los estudios han
mostrado que los reproductores más jóvenes (1-2 años) y la razón hembras:machos de 2:1 o 3:1 son más productivas que los reproductores mas viejos y razones más elevadas, respectivamente. Está se ha puesto de manifiesto a pesar de que la nutrición juega un importante papel en el rendimiento de los reproductores de tilapia, los piensos compuestos para engorde de tilapia con un 28-32% de proteína bruta pueden ser perfectamente utilizados para la alimentación de reproductores de tilapia. También se ha demostrado claramente que el destete (clutch-removal) o separación de los huevos y alevines con saco vitelino que las hembras mantienen en su boca, tiene como resultado una enorme mejora de la productividad de semilla. También se han estudiado otras estrategias de manejos de reproductores como la rotación de y el descanso y reacondicionamiento de los mismos y se ha demostrado que son efectivas en la mejora de la productividad de semilla de tilapia. En conclusión, se han realizado numerosos avances tecnológicos en la reproducción de tilapia en los últimos 10 años. Sin embargo, estos avances pueden aplicarse en la acuicultura práctica dependiendo de la viabilidad económica de las soluciones derivadas de dichos avances. En la actualidad los estudios en los que se comparan la razón coste/beneficios de las distintas soluciones no son de dominio público y sería necesario que lo fueran.


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Referencias


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